Glossary

92 terms from the shop and the books, in Arabic, Kurdish and English.

The words Dashing and any accountant use, explained to a shop owner in two sentences. The same meaning in all three languages, and every term points to the screen where it appears.

Last updated 2026-09-16

Selling and the cashier

Cashier (point of sale, POS)
The screen and device on which a sale to a customer is recorded: scanning items, discounts, the payment method and printing the receipt. In Dashing the cashier runs in any browser and keeps working offline. In the product →
Barcode
The code printed on the pack that a scanner reads to identify the item instantly. A carton can carry a different barcode from the single piece, so each sells at its own unit and price. In the product →
Receipt
The slip the customer takes after paying; printed on an 80 mm thermal printer or sent as a link on WhatsApp. In the product →
Hold a sale
Setting one customer's cart aside to serve another, then returning to finish it without losing it. In the product →
Return
A customer bringing a sold item back. The item returns to stock and the sale is reversed in the books at the value it actually sold for, with or without the receipt. In the product →
Price list
Different prices for a group of customers (wholesale, key accounts or workshops) applied automatically at the cashier once the customer is selected. In the product →
Loyalty points
Points a customer earns with each purchase and later redeems as a discount at the cashier. In the product →
Gift card
A prepaid card used later as a form of payment. Its balance stays a liability of the shop in the books until it is spent. In the product →
Layaway
Reserving an item for a customer with a first payment, then instalments until the amount is complete and the item is handed over. The item stays in the shop until paid. In the product →
Quote
A document with item prices given to a customer before the sale, with a validity date, converted into an invoice on acceptance. In the product →
Cash sale
A sale to a walk-in customer who pays at once in cash or by card. In Dashing it is booked at that moment against the shop's one "cash customer" account, and no statement is opened for it. In the product →
Credit sale
A sale posted to a named customer's account to be paid later. It raises their balance at once, shows in aging, and stops at the credit limit. In the product →
Credit limit
The most a customer is allowed to owe. When a sale would cross it the cashier stops; a staff member with the override permission writes a reason, and their name and the amount go to the audit log. In the product →
Line discount and cart discount
A reduction applied to one item on the invoice or to its total, as a percentage or an amount. The discount comes off revenue in the books, and an unusual one shows as an alert the next morning. In the product →
Promotion
A discount rule that applies itself at the cashier: a percentage or an amount off the cart, or "buy 2 get 1" on a given item, between two dates. In the product →
Refund
Giving the price of a return back to the customer, in cash from the drawer or as a balance on their account. It reverses what the sale itself booked, at the price actually paid. In the product →
Recurring sale
A standing order that invoices itself on a schedule, like a restaurant that takes 200 loaves every morning; each invoice posts to the customer's account and shows on their statement. In the product →
Deposit
The first payment in a layaway plan. If the plan is cancelled the shop keeps the deposit by default, and can refund it if it decides to. In the product →
Wallet payment (Zain Cash, Qi Card)
A payment through the wallet or card terminal the bank or operator provides. At Dashing's fast cashier it is booked as cash; the separate "transfer / wallet" line exists on the invoice screen when a payment is split. Dashing processes no payments and takes no commission. In the product →

Stock

Inventory
The goods in the shop or warehouse, with their quantities and cost. In Dashing stock is kept per branch, and its value appears on the balance sheet. In the product →
SKU
The shop's unique internal code for each item, which may or may not match the barcode. In the product →
Reorder point
The quantity at which the system alerts you to buy more before the item runs out. In the product →
Batch and expiry
Splitting one item into batches, each with its own expiry; the cashier sells the soonest-to-expire first (FEFO) for pharmacies, cosmetics and food shops. In the product →
Serial number / IMEI
A unique number per unit (a phone, a device, a piece of jewellery) tracked from purchase to sale and warranty. In the product →
Unit of measure
Piece, carton, kilogram or metre. An item sells in any unit, and stock is always kept in the base unit. In the product →
Stock transfer
Moving a quantity from one branch to another with a document that takes it out of the first and into the second. In the product →
Cycle count
Counting part of the stock regularly instead of closing the shop for a full annual count; the difference is recorded with its reason. In the product →
Stock valuation (weighted average)
How the cost of goods is computed: the average purchase cost of what is on hand, updated with every receipt. Cost of goods sold and profit come from it. In the product →
Base unit and conversion factor
The unit stock is always kept in (the piece, say), and how many of it each larger unit holds: a case of water is 12 bottles. Scanning the case's barcode deducts 12 in the base unit. In the product →
First expired, first out (FEFO)
The rule of selling the batch whose expiry date comes first before the others. The cashier proposes it at the sale, and an expired batch shows flagged and sells only on an explicit confirmation. In the product →
Near expiry
The window before which an item counts as about to expire and appears on a home-screen card; 30 days by default, changed in Settings. In the product →
Stock adjustment
A manual correction of the quantity for damage, loss, a counting error or a restock, with a note. It writes an accounting entry and is logged with who made it and when. In the product →
Opening stock
The quantity an item starts with on the day the shop moves to the system. The "quantity" column of the import file books it to the main branch with an accounting entry; after that it moves only by sales and receipts. In the product →
Variant (size, colour)
A child item under a parent product: the blue shirt in size M. Entered one row at a time with its code, price and quantity, and sold at the cashier as its own item by its barcode. In the product →
In transit
The state of a transfer after the goods leave one branch and before the other receives them; the quantity is visible hanging between the two. A transfer in transit for more than 3 days shows as a home-screen card. In the product →
Selling into negative stock
Selling an item before its receipt is recorded, so its stock goes below zero. A setting per shop; when allowed, the cost is booked provisionally to an interim account and corrected to the actual price at receiving; when disallowed, the server refuses the sale at upload. In the product →
CSV import
Moving the item or customer sheet from Excel into Dashing by saving it as a CSV file and uploading it. Columns are recognised by their headers in Arabic or English, and a preview shows what will be created and which rows fail before saving. The import creates and never edits. In the product →

Accounting and cash

Double-entry bookkeeping
The accounting rule that records every transaction in at least two accounts with equal amounts (debit and credit), so the books always balance. Dashing applies it automatically under every screen. In the product →
Receivables (customer debts)
What customers owe the shop for sales on credit. Aged as current, 30, 60 and 90+ days. In the product →
Payables (supplier debts)
What the shop owes suppliers for purchases not yet paid. In the product →
Statement of account
A list of a customer's invoices, payments and current balance. In Dashing it is sent as a WhatsApp link valid for 30 days. In the product →
Credit note
A document that reduces what a customer owes after a return or an invoice error, without deleting the original invoice. In the product →
Expense
What the shop pays to operate other than buying goods: rent, electricity, wages, maintenance. Recorded with a category and a receipt photo. In the product →
Income statement
A report showing a period's revenue, cost of goods sold, expenses, and net profit or loss. In the product →
Balance sheet
A snapshot of the shop at a date: what it owns (assets), what it owes (liabilities), and what is left for the owner (equity). In the product →
Cash-flow statement
Where cash came from and where it went during a period, under three headings: operations, investing and financing. Profit is one thing and cash is another. In the product →
Trial balance
A list of every account's balance at a date; total debits equal total credits if the books are sound. In the product →
Period close
Closing a month or fiscal year so that no entry in it can be changed after review. A year-end close carries retained earnings forward. In the product →
Value-added tax (VAT)
A tax added to the sale price and collected for the state. In Dashing it comes from tax codes you configure and is split from revenue in the entry. Iraq has no general VAT today, and no e-invoicing. In the product →
Shift and drawer close
A cashier's working period that starts by opening the drawer with a float and ends by counting it. The gap between counted and expected is recorded with a reason. In the product →
Z-report
The summary of a shift after it closes: sales by payment method, returns, discounts, and the drawer variance. In the product →
Blind count
Counting the drawer without the cashier seeing the expected figure, so the count cannot be adjusted to match it. In the product →
Audit log
An append-only record of who did what and when: every price change, discount, void, and every change Dash proposed and you approved. In the product →
Journal entry
The accounting record of one movement with two equal sides, debit and credit. In Dashing it is written by the sale, the purchase and the expense on their own, and the database refuses an unbalanced one. In the product →
Chart of accounts
The list of accounts movements are booked to: cash, stock, receivables, revenue, expenses and the rest, with fixed numbers. It comes ready with the account, and each account has a name in Arabic, Kurdish and English. In the product →
General ledger
One account's movements over a period: every entry that touched it, with a running balance after each line. Opened from the reports for any account in the chart. In the product →
Aging
Splitting what customers owe (or what suppliers are owed) by how late it is: up to 30 days, then 60, then 90, then beyond. Shown on the customer's page and in its own report. In the product →
Debit note
A document that increases what a customer owes after the invoice, for an under-charged price or an agreed fee; the opposite of a credit note. Tied to its original invoice and booked in the books. In the product →
Petty cash
A small float spent on small daily expenses: tea, a delivery fare, a roll of bags. Each spend is recorded as an expense with a photo of its receipt from the phone and taken out of the drawer. In the product →
Recurring entry
An entry that posts itself on a schedule, such as rent or salaries. Its amount can be a formula, and someone's approval can be required before it posts. In the product →
Fiscal-year close
A real closing entry at the end of the year that moves the result of revenue and expenses into equity and opens the new year with those at zero. Permission-guarded, and no entry inside the closed year is accepted afterwards. In the product →
Cost of goods sold
What the shop paid for what it sold, at the weighted average of its purchase cost. Computed per branch from that branch's own purchases; the difference between it and revenue is the gross profit. In the product →
Gross margin
Profit as a share of the sale price: (price − cost) ÷ price. An item that costs 7,000 and sells for 10,000 has a 30% margin. It differs from markup, which here would be 42.9%. In the product →
Markup
Profit as a share of the cost: (price − cost) ÷ cost. A 50% markup on a cost of 8,000 gives a price of 12,000, and a gross margin of 33.3%. In the product →
Home currency
The currency the shop's whole books are kept in, chosen at sign-up and never changed: the Iraqi dinar or the dollar. The cashier and the reports are in it; quotes can be priced in the other. In the product →
Exchange rate
How many dinars a dollar is worth in your shop. In Dashing you type it in Settings and nothing fetches it; a rate older than 7 days is flagged as stale, and the difference between the invoice rate and the settlement rate is booked as a gain or a loss. In the product →
Whole dinars
Amounts in Iraqi dinars with no fractions: the smallest note in circulation is 250 dinars, and coins are not used. Dashing stores dinars as whole numbers, and its calculators round to the 250 grid. In the product →
Bank reconciliation
Matching the bank account's movements in the books against the bank statement line by line to find what was missed. In Dashing by manual matching; Iraqi banks offer no automatic feed. In the product →
Tax code
A definition of a kind of tax and its rate, attached to an item or a line, so the tax is computed on the invoice and its return is compiled from the books. Tax in Dashing is off until you switch it on. In the product →
The 14-day cash projection
An estimate of the cash balance 14 days out from recent inflow and outflow, with a high and a low band and a risk grade. Computed on the server every day, and it warns when it heads for a shortfall. In the product →
Break-even point
The sales that cover the shop's fixed costs with no profit and no loss: fixed costs ÷ gross margin. Rent and salaries of 2,637,500 dinars at a 25% margin need 10,550,000 in monthly sales. In the product →

What you see inside Dashing

Dash
The AI assistant built into Dashing. It reads your shop's figures through defined tools that respect your permissions, explains and suggests, and applies no change without your approval. In the product →
Morning brief
A one-sentence summary of yesterday on the home screen, with what most deserves your attention today. In the product →
Cards
Alerts ranked by importance on the home screen (urgent, opportunity, or for information), each with a button that takes you straight to the action. In the product →
The overview and the accountant's books
The same data two ways inside the Accounting section: an overview in the shop owner's language (cash, receivables, expenses and profit in plain sentences), and the full books for the accountant: the journal, the ledger by account, the trial balance, the statements. No second system, no re-entry. In the product →
Works offline
The cashier saves every sale on the device when the connection drops and uploads it automatically when it returns, exactly once, with a unique key per sale. In the product →
Branch
One of the shop's locations with its own stock, drawers, shifts and profit. Staff are bound to a branch, and reports read per branch or for all. In the product →
Approval card
The card on which Dash shows a change it proposes, such as a price update or a payment, with the old and the new value and an "Approve" button. Nothing runs before the press, and what runs is written to the audit log under the approver's name. In the product →
Tool (for Dash)
A named function that reads one specific thing from the shop's data, such as a customer's balance, an item's stock or the income statement. Dash gives no figure except from a tool that read it; when the data is not there, it says so. In the product →
Anomaly
A movement that breaks the shop's pattern and raises a card: an invoice at a negative margin, a discount larger than usual, a drawer closed short, an item about to run out. Rules that run on your data after every transaction or every night. In the product →
A regular who went quiet
A customer who used to buy regularly and then broke their pattern. Shown on a home-screen card so they can be asked about or messaged; at the sample shop it listed 5 customers on 15 September 2026. In the product →
Masking personal data
Before any request from Dash leaves for the AI model, phone numbers, email addresses and card-like numbers are replaced with placeholders. Every request is written to its own log. In the product →
Screen permissions
What each user sees: four ready-made roles (owner, accountant, manager, cashier), then any of 49 screens granted or revoked per user, and a branch employee limited to their branch. Dash respects the same list. In the product →
Recovery drawer
Where a sale the server refused at upload appears, such as an item with zero stock in a shop that disallows negative stock, with the reason, for the owner to decide what to do with it. In the product →
The storage lock
A protection for sales saved on the device without internet: at 80% of the browser's storage it warns, at 95% it locks input until sales upload and usage falls to 85%, so no sale is half-written. In the product →
Server time
The clock sales are dated by: the server's, not the device's. The offset is saved at the first connection, so a till with a wrong date does not misdate its sales even while offline. In the product →
The app from the browser
Dashing runs in the browser and installs from it as an app on the PC or phone with no store and no download file, so it opens from its icon and works offline at the cashier. In the product →
An append-only log
An audit log that lines are added to and never edited or deleted, not even by the account owner. A void is written as a new line next to the original, so what happened stays as it happened. In the product →